Since the French Revolution, when the church of Sainte-Geneviève in Paris was deconsecrated and turned into the secular monument called the Panthéon of Paris, the generic term pantheon has sometimes been applied to other buildings in which illustrious dead are honoured or buried. Bearing in mind also that the Greek word θεῖος (theios) need not mean 'of a god' but could mean 'superhuman', or even 'excellent'." Certainly the word pantheus or pantheos, could be applicable to individual deities. . Godfrey and Hemsoll maintain that the word Pantheon "need not denote a particular group of gods, or, indeed, even all the gods, since it could well have had other meanings. . In fact, Livy wrote that it had been decreed that temple buildings (or perhaps temple cellae) should only be dedicated to single divinities, so that it would be clear who would be offended if, for example, the building were struck by lightning, and because it was only appropriate to offer sacrifice to a specific deity (27.25.7–10).
It seems highly significant that Dio does not quote the simplest explanation for the name-that the Pantheon was dedicated to all the gods. Godfrey and Hemsoll point out that ancient authors never refer to Hadrian's Pantheon with the word aedes, as they do with other temples, and the Severan inscription carved on the architrave uses simply "Pantheum," not "Aedes Panthei" (temple of all the gods). Ziegler tried to collect evidence of pantheons, but his list consists of simple dedications "to all the gods" or "to the Twelve Gods", which are not necessarily true pantheons in the sense of a temple housing a cult that literally worships all the gods. The only definite pantheon recorded earlier than Agrippa's was at Antioch in Syria, though it is only mentioned by a sixth-century source. In fact, the concept of a pantheon dedicated to all the gods is questionable. His uncertainty strongly suggests that "Pantheon" (or Pantheum) was merely a nickname, not the formal name of the building. Cassius Dio, a Roman senator who wrote in Greek, speculated that the name comes either from the statues of many gods placed around this building, or from the resemblance of the dome to the heavens.
The name "Pantheon" is from the Ancient Greek "Pantheion" (Πάνθειον) meaning "of, relating to, or common to all the gods": (pan- / "παν-" meaning "all" + theion / "θεῖον"= meaning "of or sacred to a god"). Nevertheless, it became a standard exemplar when classical styles were revived, and has been copied many times by later architects. The Pantheon's large circular domed cella, with a conventional temple portico front, was unique in Roman architecture. In 2013, it was visited by over 6 million people. The Pantheon is a state property, managed by Italy's Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism through the Polo Museale del Lazio. The square in front of the Pantheon is called Piazza della Rotonda.
Mary and the Martyrs ( Latin: Sancta Maria ad Martyres) but informally known as "Santa Maria Rotonda". It is one of the best-preserved of all Ancient Roman buildings, in large part because it has been in continuous use throughout its history: since the 7th century, it has been a church dedicated to St. The height to the oculus and the diameter of the interior circle are the same, 43 metres (142 ft). Almost two thousand years after it was built, the Pantheon's dome is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome. A rectangular vestibule links the porch to the rotunda, which is under a coffered concrete dome, with a central opening ( oculus) to the sky. The building is cylindrical with a portico of large granite Corinthian columns (eight in the first rank and two groups of four behind) under a pediment. Its date of construction is uncertain, because Hadrian chose not to inscribe the new temple but rather to retain the inscription of Agrippa's older temple, which had burned down.
It was rebuilt by the emperor Hadrian and probably dedicated c. 126 AD. Mary and the Martyrs) in Rome, Italy, on the site of an earlier temple commissioned by Marcus Agrippa during the reign of Augustus (27 BC – 14 AD). The Pantheon ( UK: / ˈ p æ n θ i ə n/, US: /- ɒ n/ Latin: Pantheum, from Greek Πάνθειον Pantheion, " of all the gods") is a former Roman temple and, since 609 AD, a Catholic church (Basilica di Santa Maria ad Martyres or Basilica of St.
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